What is defined as the sudden flow of static charge from a higher charge object to a lower charge object?

The sudden flow of static charge from a higher charge object to a lower charge object is known as Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). This phenomenon occurs when there is a buildup of electrical charge on one object, which eventually discharges to another object with a different electrical potential. This discharge can happen quickly and often unexpectedly, resulting in a brief but intense flow of current.

Electrostatic discharge is significant in contexts such as electronics, where ESD can damage sensitive components. As such, it is a critical consideration in the design and handling of electronic devices, prompting the use of anti-static materials and practices to mitigate ESD risks.

Other terms mentioned—like Residual Charge, Static Cling, and Current Surge—do not accurately describe this specific phenomenon. Residual Charge refers to remaining static charge that doesn't immediately discharge, Static Cling involves the attraction of materials due to static electricity but doesn't involve a sudden flow of charge, and Current Surge pertains to a rapid increase in electrical current, which is typically related to power systems, not static electricity. Understanding the differences between these concepts helps clarify why Electrostatic Discharge is the correct choice.